Development
In 1995, director James Cameron wrote an 80-page scriptment for Avatar. Cameron said his inspiration was "every single science fiction book I read as a kid", particularly striving to update the style of Edgar Rice Burroughs' John Carter series. Cameron saw his story as being about how Western civilizations supplant indigenous cultures, in either active genocidal or passive ways. In Avatar, humanity extends that to other planets. In August 1996, Cameron announced that after completing Titanic, he would film Avatar, which would make use of "synthetic", or computer-generated, actors. The project would cost $100 million and involve at least six actors in leading roles "who appear to be real but do not exist in the physical world". Special effects house Digital Domain, with whom Cameron has a partnership, joined the project, which would begin production in the summer of 1997.
In June 2005, director Cameron was announced to be working on a project tentatively titled "Project 880" parallel to another project, Battle Angel. By December, Cameron said that he planned to film Battle Angel first for a summer 2007 release, and to film "Project 880" for a 2009 release. In February 2006, Cameron said he had switched goals for the two film projects – "Project 880" for 2007 and Battle Angel for 2009. He indicated that the release of "Project 880" would possibly be delayed until 2008. Later that February, James Cameron revealed that "Project 880" was "a retooled version of Avatar", a film that he had tried to make years earlier, citing the technological advances in the creation of computer-generated characters Gollum, King Kong and Davy Jones. Cameron had chosen Avatar over Battle Angel after completing a five-day camera test in the previous year. Cameron's early scriptment for Avatar circulated the Internet for years. When the project was re-announced, copies were subsequently removed from websites. In June 2006, Cameron said that if Avatar was successful, he hoped to make two sequels to the film.
From January to April 2006, Cameron wrote the script. Working with Paul Frommer, linguist and Director of the Center for Management Communication at USC, he developed a whole language and culture for the Na'vi, the indigenous race on Pandora. In July, Cameron announced that he would film Avatar for a summer 2008 release and planned to begin principal photography with an established cast by February 2007. The following August, the visual effects studio Weta Digital signed on to help Cameron produce Avatar. Stan Winston, who had collaborated with Cameron in the past, joined Cameron's Avatar to help with the film's designs. In September, Cameron was announced to use his own Reality Camera System to film in 3-D. The system would use two high-definition cameras in a single camera body to create depth perception.
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